While xylitol is safe for humans, it results in a severe insulin release when ingested by non-primate species (e.g., dogs!). Acute poisoning will occur in dogs, resulting in two main syndromes: hypoglycemia (i.e., a life-threateningly low blood sugar) and acute hepatic necrosis (i.e., severe liver failure).

With xylitol poisoning, it is imperative to calculate whether a toxic dose has been ingested. In dogs, doses > 0.1 g/kg are considered toxic and result in profound, sudden problems. Higher doses (> 0.5 g/kg) of xylitol have been associated with acute hepatic necrosis. Signs can come on as quick as 30 min after ingestion but it can take up to 12-18 hours.

Some dogs have no problems digesting milk and dairyproducts. Yet others experience acute intestinal distress, like gas, diarrhea or vomiting, whenever they consume these kinds of foods.

The symptoms of lactose intolerance are uncomfortable, but not generally life-threatening unlessthey continue for extended periods of time. They can start within just thirty minutes to two hours from the ingestion of the dairy product.